title: "Linux Keyboard Configure" description: "Linux键盘配置" tags:
- linux
- keyboard
之前一直在使用LControl和CapsLock交换的Keyboard Layout，但还没好好清晰地理一遍Linux相关的Keyboaed设置，此文章使用Linux发行版为Kali，以Debian为基础
相关包
systemd
在大多数的发行版下，在使用systemd作为init system，可以使用其中工具localectl设置CLI及GUI的键盘布局
在Debian下，安装
console-data，键盘布包会使用kmap为文件后缀，但localectl使用map为后缀，所以Debian建议使用dpkg-reconfigure console-data及dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration进行配置，相关ISSUS https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=790955
$ localectl --help
localectl [OPTIONS...] COMMAND ...
Query or change system locale and keyboard settings.
Commands:
status Show current locale settings
set-locale LOCALE... Set system locale
list-locales Show known locales
set-keymap MAP [MAP] Set console and X11 keyboard mappings
list-keymaps Show known virtual console keyboard mappings
set-x11-keymap LAYOUT [MODEL [VARIANT [OPTIONS]]]
Set X11 and console keyboard mappings
list-x11-keymap-models Show known X11 keyboard mapping models
list-x11-keymap-layouts Show known X11 keyboard mapping layouts
list-x11-keymap-variants [LAYOUT]
Show known X11 keyboard mapping variants
list-x11-keymap-options Show known X11 keyboard mapping options
Options:
-h --help Show this help
--version Show package version
--no-pager Do not pipe output into a pager
--no-ask-password Do not prompt for password
-H --host=[USER@]HOST Operate on remote host
-M --machine=CONTAINER Operate on local container
--no-convert Don\'t convert keyboard mappings
See the localectl(1) man page for details.
$ strace localectl list-keymaps 2>&1 | grep lstat
lstat("/usr/share/keymaps",...
lstat("/usr/share/kbd/keymaps",...
lstat("/usr/lib/kbd/keymaps",...
lstat("/lib/kbd/keymaps",...
kbd
提供在TTY/Console提供底层键盘工具
$ apt-file list kbd | grep bin
kbd: /bin/chvt
kbd: /bin/dumpkeys
kbd: /bin/fgconsole
kbd: /bin/kbd_mode
kbd: /bin/loadkeys
kbd: /bin/openvt
kbd: /bin/setfont
kbd: /bin/unicode_start
kbd: /sbin/kbdrate
kbd: /usr/bin/codepage
kbd: /usr/bin/deallocvt
kbd: /usr/bin/getkeycodes
kbd: /usr/bin/kbdinfo
kbd: /usr/bin/loadunimap
kbd: /usr/bin/mapscrn
kbd: /usr/bin/mk_modmap
kbd: /usr/bin/psfaddtable
kbd: /usr/bin/psfgettable
kbd: /usr/bin/psfstriptable
kbd: /usr/bin/psfxtable
kbd: /usr/bin/resizecons
kbd: /usr/bin/screendump
kbd: /usr/bin/setkeycodes
kbd: /usr/bin/setleds
kbd: /usr/bin/setlogcons
kbd: /usr/bin/setmetamode
kbd: /usr/bin/setvtrgb
kbd: /usr/bin/showconsolefont
kbd: /usr/bin/showkey
kbd: /usr/bin/splitfont
kbd: /usr/bin/unicode_stop
kbd: /usr/sbin/setvesablank
kbd: /usr/sbin/vcstime
配置文件/etc/vconsole.conf
x11-xkb-utils
提供在X11下的底层键盘工具（X11为Linux主流的GUI协议标准）
$ apt-file list x11-xkb-utils | grep bin
x11-xkb-utils: /usr/bin/setxkbmap
x11-xkb-utils: /usr/bin/xkbbell
x11-xkb-utils: /usr/bin/xkbcomp
x11-xkb-utils: /usr/bin/xkbevd
x11-xkb-utils: /usr/bin/xkbprint
x11-xkb-utils: /usr/bin/xkbvleds
x11-xkb-utils: /usr/bin/xkbwatch
配置文件/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/*
常用设置
CapsLock及LControl互换
GUI
$ grep -E "(ctrl|caps):" /usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/base.lst
ctrl:nocaps Caps Lock as Ctrl
ctrl:lctrl_meta Left Ctrl as Meta
ctrl:swapcaps Swap Ctrl and Caps Lock
ctrl:swapcaps_hyper Caps Lock as Control, Control as Hyper
ctrl:ac_ctrl At left of 'A'
ctrl:aa_ctrl At bottom left
ctrl:rctrl_ralt Right Ctrl as Right Alt
ctrl:menu_rctrl Menu as Right Ctrl
ctrl:swap_lalt_lctl Swap Left Alt with Left Ctrl
ctrl:swap_lwin_lctl Swap Left Win with Left Ctrl
ctrl:swap_rwin_rctl Swap Right Win with Right Ctrl
ctrl:swap_lalt_lctl_lwin Left Alt as Ctrl, Left Ctrl as Win, Left Win as Left Alt
caps:internal Caps Lock uses internal capitalization; Shift "pauses" Caps Lock
caps:internal_nocancel Caps Lock uses internal capitalization; Shift does not affect Caps Lock
caps:shift Caps Lock acts as Shift with locking; Shift "pauses" Caps Lock
caps:shift_nocancel Caps Lock acts as Shift with locking; Shift does not affect Caps Lock
caps:capslock Caps Lock toggles normal capitalization of alphabetic characters
caps:shiftlock Caps Lock toggles ShiftLock (affects all keys)
caps:swapescape Swap ESC and Caps Lock
caps:escape Make Caps Lock an additional Esc
caps:escape_shifted_capslock Make unmodified Caps Lock an additional Esc, but Shift + Caps Lock behaves like regular Caps Lock
caps:backspace Make Caps Lock an additional Backspace
caps:super Make Caps Lock an additional Super
caps:hyper Make Caps Lock an additional Hyper
caps:menu Make Caps Lock an additional Menu key
caps:numlock Make Caps Lock an additional Num Lock
caps:ctrl_modifier Caps Lock is also a Ctrl
caps:none Caps Lock is disabled
$ setxkbmap -option ctrl:swapcpas # enbale swap caps and ctrl, multiple option sep with `,`
$ setxkbmap -option # disable xkb options
CLI
TODO...
$ cat personal.map
...
keycode 29 = Caps_Lock
keycode 58 = Control
...
$ loadkeys personal.map